The edge-set encoding is a direct encoding for trees which directly representstrees as sets of edges. In contrast to indirect representations, whereusually standard operators are applied to a list of strings and the resultingphenotype is constructed by an appropriate genotype-phenotypemapping,...

The edge-set encoding is a direct tree encoding which applies search oper-ators directly to trees represented as sets of edges. There are two variantsof crossover operators for the edge-set encoding: With heuristics that con-sider the weights of the edges, or without heuristics. Due to a strong...