This article attempts to clarify certain misunderstandings about productive/unproductive labour (PUPL) concerning the "service economy." The concept of service labour is embedded in the discussion of PUPL. After examining Smith's and Marx's definitions of "service" and "service labour," we...

In this study, an evaporation coefficient representing the evaporation rate of vapor molecules was calculated in a vapor--gas binary mixture and non-equilibrium system using molecular dynamics simulation. The non-equilibrium herein refers to a state wherein the net evaporation of vapor molecules...