Referral programs are widely adopted to expand the awareness of newly launched products and to boost their sales and profits. In these programs, customers, upon purchasing a product, are invited to refer their friends, and to stimulate their referral actions, firms promise them certain benefits...

We develop a model of multi-product consumer return policy for firms selling multiple products to customers with uncertain valuations. Customers observe their valuations of the products upon purchase, and depending on the return policy, they can return one or many products for a refund. The firm...

Prior studies on decentralized supply chains have identified the downstream retailer’s strategic incentive of holding inventory in successive periods to bring down the upstream supplier’s wholesale price. This creates an opportunity to mitigate double marginalization and improve the overall...