For high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs), fill factors (FFs) play a significant role in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), which are closely related to molecular stacking and the active layer morphology. For polymer design, a feasible strategy to solve this problem is constructing...

For the cathode interface layer (CIL) in organic solar cells (OSC), its molecule quantum chemistry properties are important for the transportation and collection of electrons. The common CIL molecule PDINO has high local polarity and severely separated molecule orbitals, which limits...

Naphthalimide-based molecules, namely NEN and NTA, were designed and utilized as versatile cathode interlayers in organic solar cells (OSCs). Compared with one-armed NA previously reported and two-armed NEN, the NTA with a three-armed molecular structure exhibits more clearly the...

Lin, Cai, and Li [Lin, Y., Cai, F., Li, Z., 1998. Competition, policy burdens, and state-owned enterprise reform. American Economic Review 88, 422-327] argue that under information asymmetry, SOE managers can use state-imposed policy burdens as excuses of poor performance and make the State...