This paper offers a variant of Ricardian model able to structurally interpret the estimate of country-specific variable---transportation infrastructure in a commonly used fixed effect gravity estimation. Guided by this new theoretical framework, this paper shows that transportation...

Problem definition. In the US auto market, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) implements a stricter fuel economy standard in California than the federal standard implemented by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Trump administration’s 2018 announcement to freeze the EPA...

Problem definition: Ugly produce refers to cosmetically-unconventional yet taste- and nutrition-wise perfectly edible produce. Advocates claim that selling ugly produce in grocery stores helps reduce food waste. Skeptics, however, argue that ugly produce meets alternative demands such as juice...

Probability-based cellular automaton (CA) models are a kind of alternative useful tool for simulating debris flow run-out extent by teams’ efforts in the past years. Despite previous studies have indicated that CA models perform well in debris flow run-out extent modeling with high efficiency,...

Debris flows are among the most destructive disasters in mountain areas around the world, and they continue to receive substantial attention in the literature. However, factors influencing the collapse of soil mass and debris flow initiation in hollows have not been explored using experimental...