We evaluate the welfare effects of the Roam-Like-At-Home regulation, which drastically re-duced the price of accessing the mobile internet for EU residents when traveling abroad in the European Economic Area. Estimates from individual-level usage data suggest that consumer surplus increased by...

In this paper, we analyze how wholesale access fees of a crucial input can be utilized to influence demands for products of different technologies and the deployment sequence between an incumbent and entrant firm. In a setting of multi-product competition with horizontally differentiated...

Track access charges are the main driver of infrastructure costs for rail operators in the rail transport sector, accounting for up to 88 percent of costs. This paper analyzes track access charges of 28 EU countries with the respective trajectories of the company forms employing panel...

After the enactment of net neutrality regulation, devices are considered to be the remaining weak link to achieving a ‘neutral’ (non-discriminatory) internet access. We highlight that discriminatory conducts similar to those condemned under the net neutrality regulation can also occur at...

We address the question whether and on what conditions will an access-seeker be provided with access to a necessary input. We study this question in a model in which multiple vertically-integrated firms - potential access providers - compete. Although it might seem in such a setting that...