Background: This research conducts a contextual comparative analysis between Dar es Salaam and Mombasa ports, employing … a hybrid data envelopment analysis (DEA) model that integrates the contextual value-added approach (CVA). The assessment … of port analysis, offering guidance to port management and policymakers in optimizing the efficiency and competitiveness …

optimal climate policy, for both cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness policy problems. Under cost-benefit analysis, technical … incentivised by carbon prices or a dedicated deployment subsidy. Under cost-effectiveness analysis, technical change has a small …