Integration agreements (IA) outline the efforts the jobseeker should undertake to find employment and specify the services that the caseworker would provide to assist them in their job search. The agreements include a declaration of legal consequences, and punitive benefit sanctions could be...

We evaluate the effects of a randomized activation program targeting recipients of the Spain's national Minimum Income Scheme. The intervention combined personalized coaching, job-search assistance, soft-skills training, and, in one treatment arm, also digital-skills workshops. While short-run...

The Labour Market and Wage Developments in Europe report provides an in-depth analysis of recent labour market and wage developments in the EU, the euro area and Member States, primarily from a macroeconomic perspective. This year's report takes a deeper look at one of the most pressing issues...

Adoption of AI has accelerated in Europe, especially after 2022. To adopt AI, firms need employees with data and AI skills, but small firms in particular lack the necessary expertise. AI shifts skill demand in exposed occupations, requiring AI skills combined with judgment and decision-making...

The Labour Market and Wage Developments in Europe report provides an in-depth analysis of recent labour market and wage developments in the EU, the euro area and Member States, primarily from a macroeconomic perspective. This year's report takes a deeper look at one of the most pressing issues...

The Multiannual Work Programme (MWP) 2025-2029 and Annual Work Programme (AWP) 2025 provides a general overview of the activities programmed on a multiannual basis in order to fulfil the mandate assigned to the Agency. The MWP 2025-2029 and AWP 2025 includes the relevant sections required by the...