In December 2020, Germany implemented a policy restricting online pharmacies from offering rebates on prescription drugs to members of the statutory health insurance. This policy change created a natural experiment, allowing us to analyze its impact on the pharmaceutical market using...

I study the passthrough of regulated ad valorem pharmacy markups and reduced Value Added Tax (VAT) rates to pharmaceutical retail prices in Finland. My reduced form evidence shows that pharmaceutical manufacturers respond to a decrease in regulated pharmacy markups by increasing their wholesale...

The 340B Drug Pricing Program was instituted to bolster the health care safety net without relying on taxpayer money. It allows participating health care facilities - most of which are hospitals - to purchase drugs filled at in-house or contracted external pharmacies at discounts from...

In einer aktuellen Studie im Auftrag von Redcare Pharmacy/Shop Apotheke hat EcoAustria den volkswirtschaftlichen Einfluss des Online-Medikamentenhandels in Österreich untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass digitale Vertriebswege nicht nur die Medikamentenversorgung erleichtern, sondern auch...

EU Drug Market: MDMA describes the European MDMA market from production to trafficking, distribution and use. It details the materials, processes and players involved at different stages and levels of the market. The module takes a threat assessment approach, identifying key issues and defining...