Research background: Numerous studies have been conducted on the relationship between trade openness and government expenditure in several developing countries including African countries, however, the studies are limited in South Africa. Therefore, South Africa does not have adequate empirical...

Research background: The growing importance of information and communication technology (ICT) in every facet of life motivated this study to examine the association between ICT, financial development and economic growth. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to establish if there is a causal...

We empirically investigated the effect of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) and institutional quality (IQ) on economic growth in the GCC region. We used panel data collected over 25 years (1998-2022) from six GCC countries-Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar,...

In this article I have analysed the long-term relationship between US M2 money supply and the price of gold per troy ounce using Engle-Granger cointegration. The analysis shows the existence of long-term price dependency of gold in relation to US M2 money supply. M2 was used in two variants,...

The Egyptian pound (LE) has experienced multiple devaluations over the last few years. One of the proclaimed causes was the severe rise in the prices of Egypt's two main imports - wheat and oil - that followed the eruption of the Russian-Ukraine war and inflated Egypt's import bill, resulting in...