The tourism industry is highly susceptible to global economic fluctuations and uncertainties. Understanding the asymmetric effects of macroeconomic factors on tourism demand is crucial for developing effective policies and strategies in the sector. This study examines the asymmetric impacts of...

An economy's primary objective is to foster high economic growth, ultimately enhancing the well-being of its citizens. Recent economic strategies have increasingly emphasized trade-oriented policies to achieve this goal. This study delves into the nexus between Saudi seaborne trade (measured in...

This research analyzes the asymmetric effects of global energy and food prices and monetary variables, including the exchange rate and money supply, on the consumer price index (CPI). The model is intended to differentiate the influence of increases and decreases in global energy and food...