For large wind farms, the unit combinatorial optimization research can improve the level of wind farm operation and increase the economic efficiency of wind farms. The blades, which not only account for 20% of the total wind turbine cost, but also have much influence on the wind turbine life,...

The majority of Combinatorial Optimization Problems (COPs) are defined in the discrete space. Hence, proposing an efficient algorithm to solve the problems has become an attractive subject in recent years. In this paper, a meta-heuristic algorithm based on Binary Particle Swarm Algorithm (BPSO)...

Recently, nature-inspired algorithms have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers. Due to the fact that in BPSO the position vectors consisting of ‘0’ and ‘1’ can be seen as a decision behavior (support or oppose), in this paper, we propose a BPSO with hierarchical structure...