Bukaita, Wisam; Li, Xinrui - In: Economies : open access journal 14 (2026) 4, pp. 1-18
financial assets, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, U.S. equities, and gold, over the period 2017-2024. Particular attention is given … to the structural shift associated with the 2024 U.S. spot Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF) approval, which marked a … findings. First, cryptocurrencies display strong internal dependence and short-horizon contagion, with Bitcoin consistently …