Although hope and aspirations are increasingly considered to be both intrinsically and instrumentally valuable, quantitative evidence on the formation of these factors is limited. Using data from a sample of educated youth in Myanmar, this paper documents the relationship between various sources...

The analysis contextualizes recent developments within the trajectory of post-2021 institutional evolution, examining how political transition consequences—including operator market exit, regulatory fragmentation, infrastructure damage during civil unrest, internet shutdown proliferation, and...

This report presents findings from the Myanmar INsights on Graduate Aspirations and Labor Activity (MINGALA) Panel Survey conducted in 2024 and 2025, tracking the aspirations, labor market experiences, and migration intentions of tertiary-educated youth ages 20–45. Against the backdrop of...

Myanmar’s education system stands at a critical juncture, shaped by overlapping crises and significant resilience. Following years of conflict, political instability, and economic stress, recent data reveal both progress and persistent vulnerabilities. Primary school enrollment has largely...

Five years after the bloody military coup and amid a civil war, elections have taken place in Myanmar. They were neither free nor fair, nor was any attempt made to keep up an appearance of even minimum democratic standards. From the outset, the main purpose of the elections was not political...

Energy exchange-traded funds (ETF) are innovative energy financial product that reflects the cyclical supply and demand of energy. This paper employs the TVP-VAR-DY model to examine the dynamic volatility spillover effects within the energy ETF market in response to EPU shocks, as well as to...

Although hope and aspirations are increasingly considered to be both intrinsically and instrumentally valuable, quantitative evidence on the formation of these factors is limited. Using data from a sample of educated youth in Myanmar, this paper documents the relationship between various sources...

Research on gender gaps in firm performance often attributes lower productivity among womenled enterprises to differential access to institutions. This paper examines how interactions with formal and informal institutions relate to enterprise performance in Mozambique, Vietnam, and Myanmar. We...