Systems of civil service reflect specific needs, traditions and institutional fundamentals of every state. The paper … provides an outline of the European context of civil service, characteristics of basic features of civil service in EU … countries, and evaluation of selected determinants of civil service from the perspectives of human resources, finances, and …

adaptation retirement effects of statutory insured and civil service pensioners in Germany. Main findings: The occupational … by adaptation instantly when retired both for statutory insured and civil service pensioners. With neutral respectively … not more satisfied, a remarkable result both for statutory insured and civil service pensioners. …