1. The question of the developmental state paradigm– a brief assessment for the period 2014-2024 -- 2. Indonesian economy in key figures -- 3. Maintaining speed and avoiding dependence? The dilemmas of external financing and savings -- 4. Increasing domestic value? The modernization of the...

It is a well known fact that economic development and distance to the equator are positively correlated variables in the world today. It is perhaps less well known that as recently as 1500 C.E. it was the other way around. The present paper provides a theory of why the 'latitude gradient'...