Structural mean models (SMMs) were originally formulated to estimate causal effects among those selecting treatment in randomised controlled trials affected by non-ignorable non-compliance. It has already been established that SMM estimators identify these causal effects in randomised...

Published reports of experiments with noncompliance often fail to report information necessary for recovering average potential outcomes for compliers. We derive sharp bounds on the average potential outcomes for compliers, when given only average outcomes for units assigned to treatment,...