In this paper we investigate how the expulsion of a player influences the outcome of a football match. Common sense implies a negative impact for the affected team. However, an old football myth suggests that such an expulsion might also be beneficial since it increases the team spirit as well...

This paper considers estimation of panel data models with fixed effects. First, we will show that a consistent ``unrestricted fixed effects'' estimator does not exist for autoregressive panel data models with initial conditions. We will derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the...

In this paper, we discuss how to best exploit the information contained in spells that are in progress when an observation period begins, that is, left-censored and left-truncated duration data. We provide a survey of censoring and truncation mechanisms in event history models. We describe some...