Real convergence performance in the EU was strong before the global financial crisis but the period following the crisis saw distinctly weakened catching-up processes. One of the major long-term factors for the convergence process in the EU is the Green Transition since it is expected to...

The suspension of the fiscal rules in Europe and the enactment of NGEU provide an opportunity to rethink the inherited budget orthodoxy. The issue at stake is not only of political economy and institutional changes in the EU. It is also of economic analysis and theory. The coronavirus crisis...

The aging of the population shakes the confidence in the economic viability of pay-as-you-go social security systems. We demonstrate how in a political-economy framework the shaken cofidence leads to the downsizing of the social security-system, and to the emergence of supplemental individual...