DC fast-charging stations can charge an electric vehicle several times faster than Level 2 AC charging stations. Using a network of DC charging stations, it becomes possible to travel in electric vehicles for long-distance, cross-country driving with only short recharging stops. This paper...

The first tool presented in this paper is a generic factory cost model that can estimate various costs at multiple levels of any manufacturing plant. The model is activity-based which means that the cost of each manufacturing operation is calculated and then summed up so that the true...