collect cost information and to calculate the costs from the societal perspective, respectively. The human capital approach … was applied to calculate indirect costs. To collect the required data a researcher-made data collection form was utilized … their self-reports or that of their companions. Results: The results showed that the annual costs of MS in the first and …

: (1) distribution expenses are large – they amount to over half of labor costs; (2) plants in the largest decile …, distribution costs as a share of sales declined by one third. We develop a model of heterogeneous manufacturing firms that rely on … share. In combination with the model, these trends suggest largescale decreases in both variable and fixed costs of …

able to exacerbate environmental, social, and health costs that in the end may prove that shipping, in the way that it is …

friction costs sellers clearing in LCH $80 milliondaily …

) indicators (Deutsche Bundesbank, 1998, 2016a). This would call for total economy unit labour costs. In contrast to these findings …, Dustmann et al. (2014) suggest using refined unit labour costs for the exporting manufacturing sector only, corrected for … calculation, the export-oriented manufacturing sector of Germany experienced a decrease in unit labour costs by 25% between the …