A Hobbesian society is modeled to study how the market emerges from violence. From a Cournot military contest for wealth, primitive markets emerge when Rousseau's Garden of Eden or an arms race is the equilibrium rather than war. Politically-dominated (e.g., socialist) or Smithian markets with a...

Consider an oligopoly in which firms compete in quantity, the market inverse demand is strictly decreasing (on the set of quantities for which the price is positive), twice differentiable and log-concave, and each of the firms has nondecreasing, twice differentiable cost of production (not...