How do alternative development programs, designed to diminish the presence of illicit crops, might cause unexpected …, this document evaluates the impact of the National Comprehensive Plan for the Substitution of Illicit Crops (PNIS - for its … acronyms in Spanish) on the incentives to cultivate coca crops. Our empirical findings show that the announcement of this …

How do alternative development programs, designed to diminish the presence of illicit crops, might cause unexpected …, this document evaluates the impact of the National Comprehensive Plan for the Substitution of Illicit Crops (PNIS - for its … acronyms in Spanish) on the incentives to cultivate coca crops. Our empirical findings show that the announcement of this …

(such as smallholder farmers adopting drought-tolerant crops). Higher educational level was linked to the greater … possibility of smallholder farmers adopting drought-tolerant crops in Italy and Egypt, while gaps in rural education limited the … possibility of smallholder farmers adopting drought-tolerant crops in Morocco and Senegal. Farming experience and agricultural …

Tea and coffee as traditional cash crops have been produced in Rwanda for more than six and ten decades respectively …. However, new cash crops are being produced and exported, although their role in increased income and poverty reduction over …-mandatory cash crops and traditional crop growers were used to obtain a simple random sample of 400 smallholder farmers. The study …