This paper examines the impact of cross-ownership on the strategic incentive of environmental corporate social … demonstrates that bilateral cross-ownership between insiders provides weak incentives to undertake ECSR, which has a non …-monotone relationship with cross-ownership shares, while it provides strong incentives for outsiders, which increases the ECSR level as …

impact of cross-ownership on firms' innovation output and explore the underlying mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach - To … test the influence of cross-ownership on firms' innovation output, this paper constructs an ordinary least square … the explained variables in the following year for regression. Cross-ownership (Cross) is the explanatory variable; Control …