Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a concurrent outbreak of false information online. Debunking false … understanding of it. This exploratory study examined the effects of debunking messages on a COVID-19-related public chat on WhatsApp … in Singapore. Design/methodology/approach To understand the effects of debunking messages about COVID-19 on WhatsApp …

whom can invest in the debunking of their rival’s fake news. The model assumes that consumers have an innate preference for … prevalence of both fake news and debunking expenditures and is welfare reducing. We also show, inter alia, that a stronger … preference by consumers for their preferred provider lowers both fake news and debunking. Finally, we compare monopoly and …

whom can invest in the debunking of their rival's fake news. The model assumes that consumers have an innate preference for … prevalence of both fake news and debunking expenditures and is welfare reducing. We also show, inter alia, that a stronger … preference by consumers for their preferred provider lowers both fake news and debunking. Finally, we compare monopoly and …