Hernández-Rodríguez, Eduardo; Boschma, Ron; Morrison, … - In: Papers in regional science : the journal of the … 104 (2025) 1, pp. 1-16
This paper adopts a relatedness-complexity framework to assess the likelihood of functional upgrading and downgrading … metrics can be used as an alternative for value added data, to measure both functional upgrading and downgrading in global … upgrading and downgrading. Regions tend to functionally upgrade their global value chains towards more complex functions that …