, state security agencies, law-enforcement agencies, etc., must identify, prevent, and investigate sanctions evasion and … designed national enforcement models may hamper cooperation and cross-border financial intelligence sharing. This paper … authority, integrating intelligence and enforcement functions. Estonia's FIU plays a significant role but shares …

' life cycles, with this pattern persisting longer where contract enforcement is weaker. We build a model of optimal … financing under limited enforcement with endogenous debt maturity and blueprint capacity that matches these patterns and enables …

This article critically analyses the enforcement framework of the EU Digital Markets Act (DMA), with a focus on its … Article 3 DMA has been applied in practice. It highlights frictions in the enforcement of core obligations concerning data … these bodies shape the coherence of DMA enforcement within the broader EU digital acquis. By tracing the regulatory …

We exploit the sharp escalation in community-based ICE enforcement following the January 2025 inauguration to estimate … the causal effect of immigration enforcement on consumer spending. Using Synthetic Difference-in-Differences with cross …-state variation in surge intensity as the identifying variation, we find that states experiencing the largest enforcement surges saw …