Die im März 2025 beschlossenen Änderungen bei der Schuldenbremse eröffnen erhebliche zusätzliche Kreditfinanzierungsspielräume. Allerdings muss die deutsche Finanzpolitik nicht nur die Regelgrenzen des Grundgesetzes beachten. Auch die europäischen Vorgaben im Rahmen des Stabilitäts- und...

Although the new EU fiscal rules improve the macroeconomic logic and differentiation, they offer very little leeway for urgently needed, debt-financed defence spending. However, the EU Commission's proposal to solve this via flexible escape clauses undermines the credibility of the rules. A new...

The European Council and the Council of the European Union are the two institutions representing the Member States in the European Union. They bring EU countries' leaders and ministers together to shape the European Union's future. They both play an essential role in EU decision-making. This...

This working paper evaluates the impact of the COSME Loan Guarantee Facility (LGF) on SMEs in Greece, Poland, Spain, and Romania between 2015 and 2023. Using advanced econometric methods, we compare SMEs that received a guarantee with a control group of similar companies. We find that SMEs...

The third monitoring exercise of the European Heritage Label (EHL) Action, aimed at assessing sixty designated Sites, took place in 2024. The key outcome of this monitoring is that all sixty Sites-twenty of which were monitored for the third time, eighteen for the second time, and twentytwo for...