Conventional methods for assessing competitiveness capture a limited reflection of market adaptability. This limitation needs to be addressed in light of the volatile geopolitical context and shifting trade policies, which shape an environment in which resilience is a fundamental component of...

This paper investigates the expansion of EU military activities, involving the European Commission, other EU-related institutions and Member States. Expenditure on EU military programmes - defence-related R&D, arms production, joint procurement, military mobility, and the supply of lethal...