capacity than explicit debt. Debt-driven economies of scale exhibit significant regional heterogeneity. In coastal areas, these …

We estimate measures of economies of scale and scope for a sample of 48 Canadian universities that produce multiple … a measure of research output by alternatively using publication counts. We did not find economies of scale at any … university size but did find ray economies of scale up to 60% of the median university size. Economies of scope were evident up …

on a theoretical model that includes external economies of scale (EES) and industrial agglomeration (IA) as well as TL …