This paper examines the relationship between the shadow economy and trade openness in Uganda, using autoregressive … distributed lag bounds testing approach. We find that the shadow economy and trade openness have a long- and short … exposure to foreign trade significantly reduces the size of the shadow economy. This could imply that as countries become more …

Italian economy that, among European countries, is the second for high public debt and has one of the highest size of tax …

The underground economy crucially affects growth and unemployment in both developed and developing countries … underground sector of the economy into the popular AD-AS model, with the aim of increasing its descriptive power. Indeed, the … present theoretical extension of the AD-AS model shows that the underground economy - despite its negative effects on …

The relationship between shadow economy (or informal economy) and development has been extensively researched. But … there is a lack of consensus on how institutional quality affects the size of informal economy in any country. Using the … productivity and the size of the shadow economy. We also find that the size of the informal sector is related to the institutional …