This study employs macro-level data from 33 African countries to examine the impact of energy consumption … endogeneity concerns. The findings reveal that energy consumption plays a significant role in reducing income inequality across …

the Kyrgyz Integrated Household Survey data (2019-2021) to study the impact of income decline on energy consumption. We … consumption vary (positive or negative) according to income group. Second, the low-income group with income decline reduced energy … consumption, while the higher income group (second quartile) increased energy consumption. …