Importe haben für manche Gruppen einer Volkswirtschaft eine unangenehme Konsequenz: Importe reduzieren die Gewinne; sie zerstören Arbeitsplätze in den Sektoren, die Importsubstitute herstellen; sie bedrohen die Position von Wirtschaftszweigen und vernichten gar die Existenz. Möglicherweise...

We consider the problem of stabilising the income of a country, henceforth the borrower, which would always prefer a stable income to a random income with the same average, i.e. a country which is risk-averse. This would be appropriate for countries which are heavily reliant upon agricultural...

The growth strategies pursued by the vast majority of developing countries considerably neglect the agricultural sector. The following article discusses the main determinant factors for this discrimination, namely the shortcomings of macroeconomic as well as sectoral and project policies.

A sovereign debtor facing a credit limit due to unenforceable debt contracts may have an incentive to increase its creditworthiness by making itself subject to more severe sanctions in response to a debt repudiation. It is shown that for a natural resources exporting country this incentive may...

On 24th and 25th April, 1985, delegates from more than 80 Asian and African countries gathered in the Indonesian city of Bandung at the "Gedung Merdeka", or "House of Freedom", to commemorate the famous Bandung Asian-African Conference held thirty years previously. What, in retrospect, has been...