In this paper, we first test the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, using a large sample of approximately 190 advanced and developing countries, over a period of 34 years (1989- 2022). We find that (CO2) emissions respond positively to increasing income per capita, up...

This case study includes TSI projects in the areas of green budgeting and green taxation. It covers one multi-country project, comprised of 23 multi-country child projects (reforms) and two standalone projects (analysed separately). The supervision of these initiatives, focused on green public...

Carbon taxes on household consumption can simultaneously increase public funding and promote greener consumption habits, an appealing combination for the just transition plans of the European Union (EU). However, concerns about equity and public support pose challenges. This paper assesses the...

This paper explores the distributive impact of a hypothetical carbon tax on households’ transport and energy consumption in Belgium. It focuses on the welfare effects across population groups and along the income distribution, as well as on the expected budgetary and environmental effects,...

Within a two-country model, this paper identifies a novel emission leakage channel that is caused by moral behavior of (atomistic) consumers. In a non-cooperative emission tax game between the countries, the leakage effect lowers the governments’ marginal benefit of emission taxation, so...