The EU's proposed Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) is meant to ensure safe AI systems in high-risk applications. The Act relies on human supervision of machine-learning algorithms, yet mounting evidence indicates that such oversight is not always reliable. In many cases, humans cannot...

The digitalisation of the economy and the emergence of players like online platforms and other digital service providers have brought new challenges for the effective enforcement of EU laws. This contribution looks at how public enforcement could be optimised in the EU by enhancing co-operation...

The digitalisation of the economy and the emergence of players like online platforms and other digital service providers have brought new challenges for the effective enforcement of EU laws. This contribution looks at how public enforcement could be optimised in the EU by enhancing co-operation...

Since the publication of the 2012 Statement, there has been a great deal of further discussion throughout Europe. Amongst other things, it became clear that digital content and cloud computing needed to receive more attention and that a political compromise to restrict the CESL’s scope to...

The paper offers a reasoned and up-to-date reconstruction of the competition law enforcement system in the EU. It aims to explain what the architecture of competition law enforcement in the EU is, what the main achievements of the system are, as well as the challenges still threatening...