Evacuation drills are critical to evaluate emergency preparedness and infrastructure capacity. Before conducting drills …, it is necessary to design the evacuation routes that people are likely to follow in a real evacuation. In this paper, we … present a path-oriented optimization model for evacuation planning. To solve this model, we propose a column-oriented approach …

complex challenge. This study focuses on the Tula River region in Hidalgo, Mexico, exploring the evacuation and support of … addition to knowing how to evacuate people. Methods: Addressing this void, a methodology to minimize evacuation and aid … identifies optimal evacuation routes from 13 affected areas to 34 shelters and analyzes aid distribution costs under various …