Presently, financial portfolio managers lack a solid basis for building a reliable risk management strategy for green debt instrument investments due to the lack of compelling growth and resilience data. Therefore, this study assesses the role of green bonds in financial markets by assessing and...

Certain fixed-income securities, such as callable bonds and mortgage-backed securities subject to prepayment, typically exhibit negative convexity at low yields and cannot be adequately immunized through duration and convexity-matching alone. To address this residual risk, we examine the...