financing activities: equity and debt issuance under a financing deficit, and equity repurchases and debt redemptions under a … financing surplus. We find that firms generally follow the pecking order when issuing or redeeming debt but deviate from it when … evidence of how financing choices, along with issuance and repurchase magnitudes, shape pecking order behavior among dividend …

context of increasingly complex corporate financing instruments. Insufficient financial literacy may lead to suboptimal debt … the level of financial literacy of university students in the field of corporate debt financing and to identify key … included 16 knowledge-based items focused on debt financing instruments, interest mechanisms, leasing, bonds, and alternative …

using firmlevel data from the 2018 World Bank Enterprise Survey. Only about onequarter of firms report no financing … financing needs, citing anticipated rejection, high interest rates, collateral requirements, or other perceived deterrents …

-level signals influence fundraising outcomes in a regulated digital financing environment. Binary logistic regression is employed as … entrepreneurs, platform operators, and policymakers seeking to strengthen transparency, investor engagement, and digital financing …

American countries. We employed fixed and random effects models. Findings: International firms show distinct debt financing … country context and the degree of internationalisation influence financing decisions, firms pursuing international expansion … must adapt their financing strategies accordingly. Contribution & Value Added: This research uniquely investigates how …