This study advances a quantitative political economy analysis of development banking within federative systems, focusing on Brazil's National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES). Moving beyond traditional fiscal transfer models, we investigate the mechanisms through which federal...

Municipalities play a key role in providing public services, but despite rising gross investment, there is a significant erosion of assets: real investment growth remains insufficient and net investment continues to be negative. The Special Fund for Infrastructure and Climate Neutrality (SVIK)...

This paper studies whether the centralization of public school finance affects school revenue levels. The theoretical framework indicates that centralization has price and income effects on the pivotal voter's demand for school revenue, but the overall effect is ambiguous. A public school...

During the COVID-19 pandemic the US federal government appropriated $189.5 billion in emergency aid to school districts. These funds were supplied to help districts replace lost revenues and to mitigate the harmful effects of the pandemic on learning and other measures of district performance....