In this research, the direct and indirect effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in India are examined, covering the period from 1980 to 2014. To quantify the indirect outcome of the existence of FDI on CO2 emissions, in this study, the three...

The relationship between inflation and foreign direct investment (FDI) is not clear-cut in theory. In the U.S., rising inflation coupled with increased economic recovery boosted FDI immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic but suppressed it afterwards. To shed light on the relationship between...

This study employs spatial econometric techniques to examine the heterogeneous effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on industrialization across China's four major regions - East, Central, West, and Northeast - using panel data from 31 provinces (1998-2016). Our findings reveal significant...

With five years remaining to reach the year 2030, only 17% of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been achieved. Due to Multinational Enterprises' (MNEs) considerable influence on the global economy and their impact on global sustainability, it is important to examine how MNEs...