employs an instrumental-variable single-stage stochastic frontier gravity model (IV-SFGM) to estimate trade potential. The …, integrating institutional and cultural factors into a frontier-based gravity framework, this study offers novel empirical evidence …

this effect is moderated by the technological frontier, as proposed by Acemoglu et al. (2006). Using three distinct … measures of the frontier, we examined firm-level data from twenty-three EU countries between 2003 and 2022 and found mixed … results. We find that an increase in Chinese import intensity positively affects catching up to a productivity frontier …