, including sponsorships, community contributions, self-funding, grants, investments, and registration fees. The findings reveal … financial goals with inclusivity. Sponsorships and partnerships emerge as the most versatile funding method. The study …

being involved in at most 10% of all patented inventions. We examine the role of university funding in patenting, addressing … three key research gaps: (i) the limited, countryspecific samples rather than pan-European data used in most patent-funding … studies; (ii) scarce evidence on the impact of the funding structure on patent quality; and (iii) the lack of precise …