While gravity models of trade perform well in empirical tests of both goods and services, efforts to tailor gravity models to the unique features of services trade have been limited. In particular, since trade in services can be conducted via travel or directly over the internet, trade costs...

This paper examines the spatial impact of high-speed rail (HSR) connection on firm performance in China at the micro level using a unique administrative dataset. Connected firms benefit from agglomeration economies and improved market access, but the redistribution of production inputs towards...

This paper aims to explain that distance may not always be harmful for international trade, unlike the explanations provided by the gravity model. In case of service trade distance may be helpful instead, because of the existence of non-overlapping time zones between two trading countries. So,...

This research proposes a novel loss function function for neural network models that explores the topological structure of stock realized volatility (RV) data through the addition of Wasserstein Distance (WD). The findings of this research show that the proposed loss statistically significantly...

Distancing policy interventions (DPIs) were aimed at containing the COVID-19 pandemic, but they also likely affected economic activity. This paper estimates the effects of DPIs on selected indicators of monthly economic activity, such as industrial and manufacturing production, construction...

This paper analyzes the role of distance and financial development in equity portfolio performance, using panel data on mutual fund holdings in the U.S. stock market from 39 countries. Our paper shows that financial development, represented by financial depth, is positively correlated with...

This paper studies the effects of institutional distance and geographic distance on Chinese venture capital (VC) investment and subsequent exit, and further investigates how social capital, that is, network and trust, moderates such effects. We document significant dampening effects of both...

What is in banks’ private information about borrowers, and how does it relate to physical distance and relationship length? Exploiting the Federal Reserve’s comprehensive supervisory loan-level dataset on corporate borrowers, we distinguish two dimensions of private information embedded in...