Labour market developments in Germany can be separated into two major shocks: German reunification in the early 1990s, and the Hartz reforms in the early 2000s. In this paper it is argued that these two shocks divide the German wage bargaining system into the old labour market system, which is...

Political regimes influence contents of education and criteria used to select and evaluate students. We study the impact of a socialist education on the likelihood of obtaining a college degree and on several labor market outcomes by exploiting the reorganization of the school system in East...

The role of the unions in the process of German unity has so far received little attention. From the beginning, they were among the forces that helped shape the social and economic transformation of East Germany. In the volume's volume, scientists and formerly active people from East and West -...