Effort to decrease cost of production is a mainly step to improve profitability at the farm. Hidden cost, specifically, days open cost as a huge part of operation cost in dairy herd is one of important task of the managers. The aim of this study investigate of days open cost to identify, assess...

The importance of heterogeneity of animal attributes in livestock production is assessed. Preliminary results indicate that variance and skew measures of attributes may be becoming more important over time.

Sow farm management requires appropriate methods to forecast the sow population structure evolution. We describe two models for such purpose. The first is a semi-Markov process model, used for long-term predictions and strategic management. The second is a state-space model for continuous...