The industry organization theory in the early stage emphasizes the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm, indicating that industry characteristics and structure factors influence firm performance. Accompanied by technology development and the enhancement of innovation capabilities, the...

The Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes (1995, BLP) model is widely used to obtain parameter estimates of market forces in differentiated product markets. The results are often used as an input to evaluate economic activity in a structural model of demand and supply. Precise estimation of parameter...

The existing body of academic literature reveals that production, distribution, and consumption might be both consistently connected and geographically scattered. This requires assessing the spatial order of production–distribution–consumption cycle, within which exploring of spatial...