Explicit and implicit incentives and opportunities for mutually beneficial voluntary cooperation co-exist in many contractual relationships. In a series of eight laboratory gift-exchange experiments, we show that incentive contracts can lead to crowding out of voluntary cooperation even after...

This paper builds a model of dynamic tournaments under incomplete contract situations to analyze how the government, as a national development strategy, induces incentives or forms of competition between multiple companies (between state-owned enterprises (SOEs), between private-owned...

Although school autonomy is often advocated as a way to improve student achievement, many countries are experiencing a counterbalancing trend: the emergence of ‘chains’ that bind schools together into structures with varying degrees of centralization. Despite their prominence, no evidence...