A smart grid is the superposition of one physical electricity network on an information system. "Digitalization" (the growing application of information and communication technologies across the economy) enables electricity to break away from exclusive and centralized generation, opening it up...

Due to the ongoing expansion of renewable energies and the increasing energy demand of household consumers, e.g., due to the electrification of the mobility and heating sectors, grid bottlenecks and voltage band violations in low-voltage grids in Germany are expected to occur more frequently in...

The smart grid (SG) research has continued unabated; however, some challenges, such as stability and security, cause us to focus on sustainable SG, which benefits society. Sustainable SG is complicated and covers many topics that should be summarized systematically. This paper uses CiteSpace to...

In this paper we develop a valuation framework for a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) payment system. Active network participants (proposers and validators) are required to stake tokens, and receive payments in return for their services. This property of the PoS system connects cash flows to token holdings,...

The Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/631 of the 14th of April 2016 establishing a network code on requirements for grid connection of generators introduces a framework for building a structural harmonization of technical stipulations across Europe. Network operators must implement this regulation...

Given the great influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in people's daily lives due to the key role it plays in digital transformation through its automated decision-making capabilities, ENISA aims to raise awareness of cybersecurity and privacy threats related to various scenarios using...

We propose a neural network-based approach to calibrating stochastic volatility models, which combines the pioneering grid approach by Horvath et al. (2021) with the pointwise two-stage calibration of Bayer and Stemper (2018). Our methodology inherits robustness from the former while not...

This paper addresses the issue of optimal day-ahead scheduling of a plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) aggregator that participates in the electricity market and offers an out-of-market balancing service to the local renewable power penetrated distribution system in a snow-prone area. The proposed...