Information provision experiments have become pivotal in understanding how beliefs influence human behavior in various … social science contexts. These experiments, which manipulate the information sets available to respondents, enable the … methodologies for measuring and updating beliefs, designing effective information treatments, and addressing experimenter demand …

does not. Before the buyer decides how many units to purchase, the seller can disclose verifiable information about the … good. The better the information, the more the buyer is inclined to buy. The information about the good is two …, but unaware of the second. Here, unawareness refers to a lack of conception rather than lack of information. In the …

certifier can enable the seller to disclose her private information publicly, as well as gather additional market information …-maximal information-gathering. Thus, optimal contracts eliminate private information but not market uncertainty; even though the latter … would be costless, it is suboptimal as it requires excessive information rents to the seller. Thus, market inefficiencies …