Monetary policy in the euro area faces significant challenges due to the evolving economic landscape marked by the return of inflation, financial instability risks, and the consequences of unconventional monetary policy (UMP) to the operational framework of monetary policy. This article...

We study the implications of deviations from covered interest rate parity for international capital flows using novel data covering euro-area derivatives and securities holdings. Consistent with a dynamic model of currency risk hedging, we document that investors' holdings of USD bonds decrease...

Over the past decade, the six largest Canadian banks held an increasingly greater share of their assets and liabilities abroad, linking the Canadian banking system more closely to economic and financial developments elsewhere in the world. In 2023, the share of Canadian banks' foreign assets and...